Black-billed Peppershrike

The Black-billed Peppershrike occurs in foothill and lower montane forests along the eastern slope of the Ecuadorian Andes, typically between 600 and 1,800 meters, where it favors forest edges, secondary growth, and dense canopy foliage. It is generally uncommon but regularly detected by its rich, whistled song, often heard before the bird is seen foraging methodically for insects and small fruits. The species is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population across its restricted Andean range, though it may be sensitive to deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Natural history observations highlight its stout bill, deliberate movements, and cup-shaped nests built in concealed midstory vegetation, with breeding activity peaking during the rainy season.