Orange-billed Sparrow

The Orange-billed Sparrow occurs in the humid lowland and foothill forests of western and eastern Ecuador, typically below 1,200 meters, where it favors dense understory near streams and forest edges. It is generally uncommon and secretive, often detected by its sharp calls or brief glimpses as it forages on the ground for insects and seeds. The species is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a broad Neotropical range and a stable population, though deforestation may pose localized threats. Natural history observations highlight its striking orange bill, bold facial pattern, and cup-shaped nests built in low vegetation, with breeding activity peaking during the rainy season.